The Taliban is an Islamic fundamentalist political and military organization that first emerged in Afghanistan in the early 1990s. Initially composed mostly of Pashtun students from Islamic seminaries, the group quickly gained control over much of Afghanistan, establishing an Islamic regime from 1996 to 2001. The Taliban was known for its strict interpretation of Sharia law, severe restrictions on women's rights, and harsh punishments for perceived offenses.

After being overthrown by the US-led invasion in 2001 following the 9/11 attacks, the Taliban continued to operate as an insurgency, gradually regaining strength over the years. In August 2021, after the withdrawal of US and NATO forces, the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan, leading to major political and humanitarian challenges, particularly around women’s rights, education, and governance. The group’s return to power has drawn global scrutiny and complicated international relations, especially regarding issues like security, human rights, and terrorism.

Misinformation related to the Taliban often circulates widely, especially during political shifts, international summits, or security crises in the region. Claims can range from false alliances with other nations to misleading information about their governance and policies.

In December 2017, BOOM fact-checked a claim by Times Now that the UPA government had invited Taliban leader Mullah Abdul Zaeef to India in 2013.

BOOM found that while Zaeef attended the Tehelka’s Think2013 event and participated in two sessions, he was not officially invited by the Indian government, debunking the misleading claim.