Supreme Court Of India

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country, established on January 28, 1950, following India's declaration as a republic. It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Initially comprising a Chief Justice and seven judges, its present structure allows for a Chief Justice and a maximum of 33 judges.

As the apex constitutional court, it holds extensive powers of original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions. It hears appeals against High Court verdicts and matters referred by the President. Under judicial review, it can invalidate laws, including constitutional amendments violating the Basic structure doctrine, safeguarding citizens' fundamental rights and resolving disputes between the central and state governments.

The Supreme Court's jurisdiction and powers are in the Constitution, covering aspects like original and appellate jurisdiction, special leave to appeal, review powers, and the ability to issue certain writs. Its decisions are binding on all courts and governments. The Court is also conferred with inherent jurisdiction to ensure complete justice.