Iran, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, is located in Western Asia, bordered by countries like Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Historically known as Persia, it is one of the oldest civilizations, with a cultural heritage that spans thousands of years, having significant contributions in areas like literature, art, philosophy, science, and architecture. The capital city, Tehran, is a major political, cultural, and economic center.

Iran has a theocratic government, with a Supreme Leader serving as the head of state and the highest authority, while the President, elected every four years, functions as the head of government. Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran has maintained a government based on Islamic law (Sharia), with significant roles for religious figures. It has been a key player in Middle Eastern geopolitics, with substantial influence in regional matters, including issues related to Syria, Iraq, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Iran’s political landscape is marked by ongoing tensions with the United States and other Western nations, primarily due to its nuclear program, regional alliances, and human rights concerns.

Iran's economy is largely driven by oil and natural gas, alongside agriculture, industry, and trade. The country faces challenges such as international sanctions, inflation, and unemployment. Despite these issues, it has shown resilience in areas like science, education, and technological advancements, especially in military technology and nuclear research.

In September 2024, BOOM fact-checked a viral claim that falsely identified a religious flag waved by Sadegh Beit Sayah, an Iranian Paralympian, as the ISIS flag.

BOOM found that the flag was actually a religious banner for Umm Al-Banin, the wife of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, a revered figure in Shia Islam.