climate change

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric patterns, primarily caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions. It is one of the most pressing global issues, affecting ecosystems, economies, and communities worldwide. The phenomenon is characterized by rising global temperatures, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and increased frequency of extreme weather events like droughts, heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods.

Climate change has severe implications for biodiversity, agriculture, and water resources, leading to food and water shortages, loss of habitats, and the displacement of populations. It also poses significant public health risks, including the spread of diseases, heat-related illnesses, and respiratory problems caused by poor air quality. Vulnerable communities in developing countries are often the hardest hit, facing socio-economic challenges and limited adaptive capacity.

International efforts to combat climate change are coordinated through agreements like the Paris Agreement (2015), which aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels. Countries are encouraged to adopt renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency, and promote sustainable practices to mitigate the effects of climate change.